Tree diversity of peat swamps in Southeast Asia: planting, regeneration, agroforestry or paludiculture?

Tropical peat swamp forests have experienced rapid degradation in recent decades with widespread loss across Southeast Asia. Despite efforts to restore and reforest degraded peatlands, there has been limited examination tree species diversity across common reforestation approaches and replacement land-uses. Tree planting is a common reforestation method, but plantings are usually species poor. Natural tree regeneration is passive colonisation of degraded peat from intact forests and offers high diversity potential, but there can be selective barriers to species colonisation. Agroforestry involves planting socio-economically valuable tree species on drained peat, whereas paludiculture is on rewetted peat, yet for both land-uses species included tend to be non-native species. Following a series of comprehensive systematic reviews, we have compiled species records from over 200 studies and reforestation projects across Southeast Asia. Using this database, we present results on the species richness and overlap between reforestation approaches and land-uses.